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These philosophical perspectives represent the view that reality exists within various contexts that are dynamic and perceived differently depending on the subject, therefore, reality is multiple and subjective (Lincoln et al., 2017). In qualitative descriptive research, this translates into researchers being concerned with understanding the individual human experience in its unique context. This type of inquiry requires flexible research processes that are inductive and dynamic but do not transform the data beyond recognition from the phenomenon being studied (Ormston et al., 2014; Sandelwoski 2010). Descriptive qualitative research has also been aligned with pragmatism (Neergaard et al., 2009) where decisions are made about how the research should be conducted based on the aims or objectives and context of the study (Ormston et al., 2014).
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To enhance the transferability of the results, future studies should aim to replicate this research by encompassing diverse characteristics of returning nurses from various geographical locations. This approach would facilitate the aggregation of findings and the formulation of more robust programs designed to promote the retention of re-entering nurses. To enhance motivators, nursing managers should actively encourage returners to revive their professional pride and sense of fulfillment as nurses. One effective approach involves providing positive and constructive feedback on their contributions to the well-being of patients, thereby bolstering their pride.
Multiple methods of data collection
The approach to analysis is dictated by the aims of the research and as qualitative descriptive research is generally explorative, inductive approaches will commonly need to be applied although deductive approaches can also be used (Kim et al., 2017). As the name suggests, descriptive research describes the characteristics of the group, situation, or phenomenon being studied without manipulating variables or testing hypotheses. Descriptive design is referred to in the literature by other labels including generic, general, basic, traditional, interpretive, and pragmatic. Descriptive design as an acceptable research design for dissertation and other robust scholarly research has received varying degrees of acceptance within the academic community.
Quantitative Research – Methods, Types and...
This descriptive type of research employs surveys to collect information on various topics. Descriptive research is a cross-sectional study because it examines several areas of the same group. It involves obtaining data on multiple variables at the personal level during a certain period. Besides making observations and then comparing and analyzing them, descriptive studies often develop knowledge concepts and provide solutions to critical issues. It always aims to answer how the event occurred, when it occurred, where it occurred, and what the problem or phenomenon is. The appropriate data analysis technique depends on the type of data collected and the research question being asked.
Professional identity is known to enhance individual motivation to remain in the profession [53, 54]. Therefore, reconnecting with and making contributions to society enrich nurses’ professional lives. Qualitative descriptive research generates data that describe the ‘who, what, and where of events or experiences’ from a subjective perspective (Kim et al., 2017, p. 23). From a philosophical perspective, this approach to research is best aligned with constructionism and critical theories that use interpretative and naturalistic methods (Lincoln et al., 2017).
How to write good survey questions?
However, its limitations include a potential lack of depth, inability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, and susceptibility to bias. Coming to the characteristics of descriptive research, this approach is characterized by its focus on observing and documenting the features of a subject. Some users need unique accommodations like larger text, even higher levels of contrast or dyslexia-specific fonts. A common practice is to offer the ability to make those changes as needed, often via a third-party tool or custom-developed pop-up.
You can leverage online survey tools or offline survey tools to gather data as per your research objective. Using real-world examples from healthcare research, the paper provides insight to the practical application of descriptive research at all stages of the design process and identifies the critical elements that should be explicit when applying this approach. Descriptive research design is a valid method for researching specific subjects and as a precursor to more quantitative studies. Whilst there are some valid concerns about the statistical validity, as long as the limitations are understood by the researcher, this type of study is an invaluable scientific tool. Several descriptive research examples are emphasized based on their types, purposes, and applications.
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Data Analysis Methods
As such, this approach provides straightforward and comprehensive descriptive summaries of participants’ experiences and perceptions [39, 40], thus it is suitable for areas where little is known about the topic under investigation [39]. We applied this approach to investigate the factors that contributed to the retention of these returners. Using qualitative descriptive research in this manner can help to make the findings of intervention studies more clinically meaningful. Descriptive research design is a powerful tool used by scientists and researchers to gather information about a particular group or phenomenon.
Disadvantages of Descriptive Research Design
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The outcomes also serve as a foundation for subsequent investigations and can guide future studies. For example, you can use the data obtained in descriptive research to help determine future research designs. Selecting a representative sample is important to ensure that the findings of the study are generalizable to the population being studied. Researchers should use a sampling method that provides a random and representative sample of the population.
Additionally, unless you are conducting a census study and collecting data from the entire population, you must select a sample group. Voxco powers 1B surveys annually and helps 500+ global brands gather data, measure sentiment, uncover insights, and act on them. When conducting a study, researchers generally try to find an explanation for the existence of a phenomenon. For example, drug trials that examine the efficacy of novel medicines are interventional studies.
When researching human behavior in response to a cause or event, the researcher pays attention to the traits, actions, and responses before drawing a conclusion. The absence of statistical and in-depth analysis and the rather superficial character of the investigative procedure are drawbacks of this research approach. However, there is no way to assess the findings because you don’t manipulate any variables statistically. For instance, descriptive research can help determine how many CEOs hold a bachelor’s degree and what proportion of low-income households receive government help. You can generalize knowledge gained from studying a case study to benefit a broader audience.
Comparison points, assumption of similarities, and criteria of comparison are three important variables that affect how well and accurately comparative studies are conducted. In the healthcare and medical fields, a case report is used to explain a patient’s circumstances when suffering from an uncommon illness or displaying certain symptoms. Researchers can use tools like interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic studies to illustrate why things are what they are and help characterize the research problem.
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